ONlwSG

::

v1.0
Published 01/10/24

Symbols and Abbreviations


A green tick indicates that a word is likely, or more than likely, to be a loan from Old Norse; a red cross indicates that a word is unlikely to be, or more than likely not to be, a loan from Old Norse; an amber question mark indicates that it is uncertain whether or not a word is a loan from Old Norse. (Given that we have to admit a degree of, or at least the possibility of, uncertainty at all times, it would be logical (if unhelpful) to label all words amber; instead, where at all possible, words have been labelled either green or red. Of course, further evidence may come to light that will require changing the label applied to a particular word.)
˄hovering the cursor over this symbol reveals the date an online source was accessed
*unattested
~alternating with
<introduces a loan-word; more loosely, ‘derives from’
introduces a loan-shift; more loosely, ‘derives from (omitting one or more stages)’
introduces a loan-blend
+and; and (in the same case)
͡  stressed epenthesis
symbol indicating a change in the quotation, usually due to current orthographic conventions
for Lat. et and used as an abbreviation for EG ocus, acus, Ir. and SG agus ‘and’
.i.for Lat. id est and used as an abbreviation for EG eḋ-ón, Ir. and SG eadhon in the sense ‘namely’, ‘that is’
acc.accusative: the accusative case
AD= Lat. anno Domini ‘in the year of the Lord’
adj.adjective
AFBAm Faclair Beag – see Bibliography
ANAnglo-Norman
App.Appendix
approx.approximately
AUAnnals of Ulster
ḃ ḋ ḟ ġ ṁ ṡsymbols used in this book in order to represent certain lenited consonants in Early Gaelic
Bm.Bokmål
Bret.Breton
c.(before a numeral) = Lat. circa ‘around, about’; century
CCornish; consonant
Can. Eng.Canadian English
CEThe Common Era
Celt.Celtic
cf.= Lat. confer ‘compare’
CGCarmina Gadelica – see Bibliography
Chap(p).Chapter(s)
CSc.Common Scandinavian
Dan.Danish
dat.dative: the dative case
dial.dialectal
DOSTDictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue – see Bibliography
DSLDictionary of the Scots Language – see Bibliography
Dut.Dutch
ECCEachdraidh le Càirdeas is Cridhe – see Bibliography
eDILDictionary of the Irish Language – see Bibliography
e.g.= Lat. exempli gratia ‘for example’
EGEarly Gaelic
Eng.English
EScotsEarly Scots
et al.= Lat. et alia ‘and others’
etc.= Lat. et cetera ‘and the remainder’, i.e. ‘and so on’
f.feminine: the feminine gender in grammar
Far.Faroese
ff.and following
fl. = Lat. floruit ‘[the time] when someone flourished’
fn(n)footnote(s)
Fr.French
Fris.Frisian
ftfoot/feet
gen.genitive: the genitive case
Germ.German
Goth.Gothic
Gr.Greek
Green.Greenlandic
Heb.Hebrew
Hiberno-Eng.Hiberno-English
HSSHighland Society of Scotland – see Bibliography
Ice.Icelandic
i.e.= Lat. id est ‘that is’
ibid.= Lat. ibidem ‘in the same source’
idemLat. ‘the same’
IEIndo-European
ininch(es)
Ir.Irish (Gaelic)
It.Italian
kmkilometre(s)
Lat.Latin
Late Lat.Late Latin
leg.= Lat. lege ‘read [as follows]’
len.lenited; lenition
lit.literally
mmetre(s)
m.masculine: the masculine gender in grammar
MBret.Middle Breton
MCMiddle Cornish
MDut.Middle Dutch
MEng.Middle English
MGMiddle Gaelic
MLat.Middle Latin
MLGerm.Middle Low German
MNorw.Middle Norwegian
Mod. Ice.Modern Icelandic
MSmanuscript
MScotsMiddle Scots
MWMiddle Welsh
MxManx (Gaelic)
n.d.no date
NGRNational Grid Reference
NLSNational Library of Scotland
nMOnotes by Magne Oftedal
Nn.Nynorsk, the form of Norwegian that ‘has its strongholds in western and midland Norway’ (Haugen 1984, §2.1)
No.Number
nom.nominative: the nominative case
Norw.Norwegian
NSANew Statistical Account – see Bibliography
nt.neuter: the neuter gender in grammar
obl.oblique (not in the nominative case)
OBret.Old Breton
OEDOxford English Dictionary – see Bibliography
OEng.Old English
OFr.Old French
OFris.Old Frisian
OGOld Gaelic
OHGerm.Old High German
OIce.Old Icelandic
ONOld Norse = Old West Scandinavian
ONorw.Old Norwegian
OPROld Parish Registers – see Bibliography
OPSOrigines Parochiales Scotiae – see Bibliography
OSOrdnance Survey (previously, Board of Ordnance)
OScotsOlder Scots
OSNBOrdnance Survey Name Book
OSw.Old Swedish
OWNornOld West Norn
p./pp.page(s)
paceLat., i.e. ‘with due respect to, though disagreeing with’
para.paragraph(s)
pers. comm.personal communication
pers. namepersonal name
Pict.Pictish
PIEProto-Indo-European
pl./plur.plural: the plural number in grammar
PNa Scottish Place-Name Survey recording, School of Scottish Studies Archive, University of Edinburgh
PNIMPlace Names of the Isle of Man – see Bibliography
Pnn.Place-names
Pre-Lit. ScotsPre-Literary Scots
Pt(s)Part(s); Point(s)
pub.published
q.v.= Lat. quod vide ‘which see’
rad.radical: (1) primary form, (2) radical case (i.e. including nominative and accusative cases)
RCRichard Cox
repr.reprint
sb.substantive (noun)
SGScottish Gaelic
sg./sing.singular: the singular number in grammar
SGDSSurvey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland – see Bibliography
sic= Lat. sic erat scriptum ‘that was how it was written’
SNDScottish National Dictionary – see Bibliography
SSPNSaints in Scottish Place-Names – see Bibliography
s. v(v).= Lat. sub verbo/verbis ‘[see] under the word(s)’
Sw.Swedish
vversion: Later versions indicate that one or more additions or substantive changes have been made to an entry, e.g. v2.0 indicates that more or less significant changes have been made to an earlier version of an entry (in this case, v1.0). Increments of versions indicate that spelling, grammatical and/or syntactical errors or omissions have been silently corrected, e.g. v1.1 indicates that insignificant changes have been made to an earlier version of an entry (in this case, v1.0).
V, V̆, V̄, Ṽ̄ vowel, long vowel, short vowel, long nasal vowel
vbverb
viz= Lat. videlicet ‘namely’
VLat.Vulgar Latin
voc.vocative: the vocative case
Vol(s)/vol(s)Volume(s)/volume(s)
WWelsh
WFris.West Frisian